What term describes journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics during the Progressive Era?

The term that describes journalists who exposed corruption in business and politics during the Progressive Era is "muckrakers." This group of investigative journalists played a crucial role in the reform movements of the early 20th century by uncovering scandals, abuses, and injustices within various institutions. Their work often involved detailed research and reporting on topics such as child labor, unsafe working conditions, political corruption, and corporate greed. Famous muckrakers like Upton Sinclair, whose novel "The Jungle" highlighted the appalling conditions in the meatpacking industry, and Ida Tarbell, who investigated Standard Oil, significantly influenced public opinion and led to calls for legislative reforms and greater accountability.

The other terms do not specifically pertain to this group. While reformers and advocates could refer to individuals or groups pushing for change, they do not capture the specific role of journalists aiming to expose wrongdoing. Activists generally refer to individuals taking action to promote, impede, or direct social, political, economic, or environmental change but do not necessarily focus solely on journalistic endeavors. Hence, "muckrakers" distinctly identifies the role of journalists dedicated to uncovering and addressing societal issues.