What was Hoover's policy of voluntarism primarily focused on?

Hoover's policy of voluntarism was mainly centered around the idea that private organizations and charities should play a leading role in addressing social and economic issues, particularly during the Great Depression. This approach emphasized the importance of individual and community responsibility, relying on voluntary efforts rather than direct government intervention to provide assistance to those in need. Hoover believed that businesses and charitable organizations could mobilize resources more effectively without the government taking over.

This philosophy stemmed from his background and belief in American exceptionalism, where citizens would come together to support one another through community initiatives. Consequently, under this policy, Hoover encouraged businesses to maintain employment and wages, and for private charities to increase their efforts to help the struggling populace, hoping that a collective effort would alleviate the widespread suffering without extensive governmental involvement.