Who led the efforts for the Indian Reorganization Act?

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934, also known as the Wheeler-Howard Act, was primarily led by John Collier, who served as the Commissioner of Indian Affairs during the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration. Collier was a strong advocate for Native American rights and aimed to reverse the assimilation policies that had previously dominated U.S. Indian policy. He believed that Native Americans should have more control over their lands and governance.

The Indian Reorganization Act sought to restore tribal sovereignty and encourage self-governance, while also promoting the preservation of Native American cultures. It aimed to end the allotment of tribal lands into individual holdings, which had been detrimental to Native communities, and instead allowed tribes to establish self-government and manage their resources effectively. The act signified a shift in federal policy towards a more supportive stance regarding tribal affairs, largely due to Collier's influence and vision for Indian policy reform.